Halley’s Comet 1986 - Commemorative Medal/Token ‘Appears Every 76 Years’
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Edmond Halley was born in Haggerston (near London) in 1656. He was educated at St. Paul's School, 1671-73, and Queen's College, Oxford University, 1673-6, leaving without a BA. In 1679, however, he was awarded an MA by a royal mandate.
Halley began serious astronomical observations as an undergraduate and published a paper on theoretical astronomy in the Philosophical Transactions.
Halley then took a fairly menial position with the Royal Society to support himself, and in 1685-96 served as assistant of the secretaries of the Royal Society. He was Deputy controller of the mint at Chester 1696-98. For the following three years he was naval captain in command of the Paramore, a vessel built explicitly for Halley's scientific expeditions. In 1704 he was appointed Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford University, a position he held until his death. In 1720 he became Astronomer Royal, which he also remained until his death. From 1729 he served as a naval captain on half pay.
Halley is remembered primarily for 'A Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets', 1705, but made other important contributions including a catalogue of the southern skies (Catalogus stellarum australium, 1678), the method of measuring the astronomical unit via transits of Venus, the establishment of stellar motion and the secular acceleration of the moon. He also published papers in pure mathematics, developed a general theory about the magnetism of the earth, studied the weather, and worked on historical geology, optics and navigation. He is considered the founder of geophysics, especially for his paper on trade winds and his work on tides, and one of the pioneers in social statistics. Halley is today most well known in relation to Halley's Comet. He predicted its return in 1758 and every 75 years thereafter.